Historians, anthropologists, political scientists and demographers explore the principal challenges and fears characterizing relations between Europe and the Mediterranean. Topics covered include the challenges posed by European demographic trends, and migration; current European policies towards migration; popular attitudes towards Islam; relationships between Europe and Turkey and the Maghreb; and the disappointments of the Euro-Mediterranean partnership. The contributors suggest that the greatest challenge facing our political generation is no longer to make a Europe without the Mediterranean, but with it.